Which laboratory test involves a comparison of patient results to normal ranges?

The process of interpreting test results is a critical component of laboratory medicine that involves comparing a patient's specific test results to established normal ranges. This comparison helps healthcare professionals determine whether the results fall within a normal range or indicate potential abnormalities that may require further investigation or treatment.

In laboratory practice, reference ranges are determined by analyzing results from a healthy population, considering factors such as age, sex, and physiological condition. When a patient's results are obtained, the interpretation involves assessing these values against the reference ranges. This not only assists in diagnosing conditions but also helps monitor disease progression and the effectiveness of treatments.

The other options relate to different aspects of laboratory and diagnostic processes but do not specifically focus on the comparison of patient results to normal ranges. For instance, diagnostic imaging involves visualizing the inside of the body using techniques like X-rays or MRIs, which does not apply to laboratory test result interpretations. Urine analysis involves testing urine for various components but does not encompass the broader scope of interpreting results in relation to normal ranges. Histology examination pertains to the microscopic examination of tissues and does not directly involve comparing patient test results to normal values. Therefore, the focus on interpretation of test results is pivotal in clinical outcomes and decision-making in patient care.